Nodejs and browser based JavaScript differ because Node has a way to handle binary data even before the ES6 draft came up with ArrayBuffer. In Node, Buffer class is the primary data structure used with most I/O operations. It is a raw binary data that is allocated outside the V8 heap and once allocated, cannot be resized.

Before Nodejs v6.0, to create a new buffer you could just call the constructor function with new keyword:

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1let newBuff = new Buffer('New String');

To create a new buffer instance, in latest and current stable releases of Node:

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1let newBuff = Buffer.from('New String');

The new Buffer() constructor have been deprecated and replaced by separate Buffer.from(), Buffer.alloc(), and Buffer.allocUnsafe() methods.

More information can be read through official documentation.

Buffers can convert to JSON.

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1let bufferOne = Buffer.from('This is a buffer example.');
2console.log(bufferOne);
3
4// Output: <Buffer 54 68 69 73 20 69 73 20 61 20 62 75 66
5// 66 65 72 20 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 2e>
6
7let json = JSON.stringify(bufferOne);
8console.log(json);
9
10// Output: {"type":"Buffer","data":[84,104,105,115,32,105,
11// 115,32,97,32,98,117,102,102,101,114,32,101,120,97,109,
12// 112,108,101,46]}

The JSON specifies that the type of object being transformed is a Buffer, and its data.

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1let bufferOriginal = Buffer.from(JSON.parse(json).data);
2console.log(bufferOriginal);
3
4// Output: <Buffer 54 68 69 73 20 69 73 20 61 20 62 75 66
5// 66 65 72 20 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 2e>

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1console.log(bufferOriginal.toString('utf8'));
2
3// Output: This is a buffer example.

.toString() is not the only way to convert a buffer to a string. Also, it by defaults converts to a utf-8 format string.

The other way to convert a buffer to a string is using StringDecoder core module from Nodejs API.